VPNs run over different protocols, and each carries its own characteristic weaknesses, so identifying the protocol selects the attack. IPsec with IKE exposes aggressive-mode pre-shared-key hash disclosure and transform weaknesses. OpenVPN is cryptographically solid but its security depends entirely on configuration and key/certificate handling. PPTP is obsolete and its MS-CHAPv2 authentication is effectively broken. WireGuard's protocol is sound, so the attack shifts to its static-key management and identity exposure. And L2TP and SSTP inherit the weaknesses of what wraps them, an IPsec pre-shared key and TLS respectively.
Subtopics#
- IPsec IKE: aggressive-mode PSK disclosure and IKE weaknesses.
- OpenVPN: configuration, credential, and key-handling attacks.
- PPTP: the broken MS-CHAPv2 authentication.
- WireGuard: static-key management and identity exposure.
- L2TP and SSTP: inherited IPsec-PSK and TLS weaknesses.